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Prevalencia y características genotípicas de la infección anal por papilomavirus en una cohorte de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres VIH-positivos
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Collins, Jaime A.

; Soria, Miriam L.

; Ballena, José C.

; Castillo, Raúl A.

Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú

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Jan 2024, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 35 - 40

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y las características genotípicas de la infección anal por papilomavirus en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) VIH-positivos. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio observacional prospectivo de corte transversal en HSH VIH-positivos del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, realizado entre setiembre del 2017 y diciembre del 2018. El estudio del papilomavirus se realizó con una técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa evaluando 21 genotipos estratificados según el riesgo oncogénico: seis de bajo riesgo y quince de alto riesgo. Resultados: Se evaluaron 214 HSH VIH-positivos. La prevalencia general de la infección anal por papilomavirus fue de 70% (150/214). 86% (129/150) tuvieron genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico, de ellos 79% (102/129) tuvieron dos o más genotipos de papilomavirus. Los genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico más frecuentes fueron: VPH-16, 31% (46/150); VPH-52, 22% (33/150); VPH-33, 21% (31/150); VPH-58, 21% (31/150) y VPH-31, 20% (30/150). El VPH-18 alcanzó el 7% (10/150). Los genotipos de bajo riesgo oncogénico más frecuentes fueron: VPH-6, 30% (45/150) y VPH-11, 29% (44/150). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la infección anal por papilomavirus en HSH VIH-positivos es muy alta en el hospital investigado. La gran mayoría de estas infecciones se producen con genotipos de alto riesgo oncogénico. El papilomavirus 16 fue el genotipo de alto riesgo más frecuente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of anal papillomaviruses in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Materials and methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study of HIV-positive MSM at Almenara General Hospital between September 2017 and December 2018. HPV detection and typing was performed using a polymerase chain reaction technique that evaluated 21 genotypes stratified according to oncogenic risk into six low-risk and fifteen high-risk. Results: we evaluated 214 HIV-positive MSM. The overall prevalence of anal infection by papillomavirus infection was 70% (150/214). 86% (129/150) were caused by high-risk genotypes, 79% (102/129) of them were affected by a two or more-papillomavirus genotype. The most frequent high-risk genotypes were HPV-16, 31% (46/150); HPV-52, 22% (33/150); HPV-33, 21% (31/150); HPV-58, 21% (31/150) and HPV-31, 20% (30/150). In addition, HPV-18 reached 7% (10/150). The most frequent low-risk genotypes were HPV-6, 30% (45/150) and HPV 11, 29% (44/150). Conclusions: Prevalence of anal papillomavirus infection in HIV-positive MSM is very high in the hospital investigated. Most of these infections occurs with high-risk oncogenic genotypes. Papillomavirus 16 was the most frequent high-risk genotype.

https://doi.org/10.47892/rgp.2024.441.1601

Directrices para los protocolos de ensayos clínicos de intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: la extensión SPIRIT-AI
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Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Chan, An-Wen

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e12

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT The SPIRIT 2013 statement aims to improve the completeness of clinical trial protocol reporting by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed. This guidance has been instrumental in promoting transparent evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate their impact on health outcomes. The SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trial protocols evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for trial reports: CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 26 candidate items, which were consulted upon by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The SPIRIT-AI extension includes 15 new items that were considered sufficiently important for clinical trial protocols of AI interventions. These new items should be routinely reported in addition to the core SPIRIT 2013 items. SPIRIT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention will be integrated, considerations for the handling of input and output data, the human–AI interaction and analysis of error cases. SPIRIT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness for clinical trial protocols for AI interventions. Its use will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the design and risk of bias for a planned clinical trial.

RESUMO A declaração SPIRIT 2013 tem como objetivo melhorar a integralidade dos relatórios dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos, fornecendo recomendações baseadas em evidências para o conjunto mínimo de itens que devem ser abordados. Essas orientações têm sido fundamentais para promover uma avaliação transparente de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials - Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz de relatório para protocolos de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Essa diretriz foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para relatórios de ensaios clínicos, CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials - Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 26 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão SPIRIT-AI inclui 15 itens novos que foram considerados suficientemente importantes para os protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Esses itens novos devem constar dos relatórios de rotina, juntamente com os itens básicos da SPIRIT 2013. A SPIRIT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA será integrada, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída, a interação humano-IA e a análise de casos de erro. A SPIRIT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente o delineamento e o risco de viés de um futuro estudo clínico.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.12

Directrices para presentación de informes de ensayos clínicos sobre intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: extensión CONSORT-AI
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Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Moher, David

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e13

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT The CONSORT 2010 statement provides minimum guidelines for reporting randomized trials. Its widespread use has been instrumental in ensuring transparency in the evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate impact on health outcomes. The CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trials evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for clinical trial protocols: SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 29 candidate items, which were assessed by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a two-day consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The CONSORT-AI extension includes 14 new items that were considered sufficiently important for AI interventions that they should be routinely reported in addition to the core CONSORT 2010 items. CONSORT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention is integrated, the handling of inputs and outputs of the AI intervention, the human–AI interaction and provision of an analysis of error cases. CONSORT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness in reporting clinical trials for AI interventions. It will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the quality of clinical trial design and risk of bias in the reported outcomes.

RESUMO A declaração CONSORT 2010 apresenta diretrizes mínimas para relatórios de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Seu uso generalizado tem sido fundamental para garantir a transparência na avaliação de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials – Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz para relatórios de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Ela foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para protocolos de ensaios clínicos, a SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials – Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 29 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão CONSORT-AI inclui 14 itens novos que, devido à sua importância para as intervenções de IA, devem ser informados rotineiramente juntamente com os itens básicos da CONSORT 2010. A CONSORT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA está inserida, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída da intervenção de IA, a interação humano-IA e uma análise dos casos de erro. A CONSORT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos relatórios de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente a qualidade do desenho do ensaio clínico e o risco de viés nos resultados relatados.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.13

Dissemination and participation in early warnings and disaster risk reduction in South Africa
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Muhame, Collins

; Ncube, Alice

; Bahta, Yonas T.

Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies

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2024, Volume 16 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 6

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Governments cannot effectively manage and handle disasters, particularly at the local community level, without actively engaging vulnerable people. The key to achieving sustainability in disaster recovery is community participation and information dissemination. The informal settlements' lack of access to information and public engagement hampered their ability to recovery, thus prompting this study. Therefore, many cities and intervention partnerships faced information and participation gaps in disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study's rationale was to determine the participation and communication of Khayalitjha household heads, regarding DRR information dissemination for sustainable human settlement, using a cross-sectional household survey of 295 household heads from Khayalitjha in situ informal settlement in the Free State provinces of South Africa. The security of dwelling unit tenure concept was an indirect indicator used to measure social resilience. The key findings revealed that community volunteers, ward committee members and most of the respondents, were responsible for initiating the DRR and disaster preparedness planning process. This indicated that local government needs to strengthen the human resource capacity building for DRR management information dissemination at a local level. The church, school, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram were the preferred modes of communication for early warnings of disaster information. CONTRIBUTION: Despite advocating for a multidisciplinary stakeholder approach, urban DRR studies tend to ignore communities in high disaster-risk areas. Employing social resilience, it aims to extend the DRR information dissemination strategy to in situ informal settlements beyond the communication and public participation advocacy strategies of local municipal urban cities.

https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1566

Production of sodium-based zeolites and a potassium-containing leach liquor by alkaline leaching of South African coal fines ash
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Collins, A.C.

; Strydom, C.A.

; Matjie, R.H.

; Bunt, J.R.

; van Dyk, J.C.

Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

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Mar 2023, Volume 123 Nº 3 Páginas 145 - 155

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

South African coal discards derived from feed coal for thermoprocesses pose human health and environmental problems and incur high disposal costs. These issues need to be resolved. Coal fines and a coal fines/ K2CO3 blend were combusted at 700°C in a laboratory rotary kiln to produce ashes containing metakaolinite (Al2O3.2SiO2) and illite/muscovite/orthoclase amorphous materials. The blend ash and coal fines ash, containing 18% K2O and <1% K2O respectively, were leached with water and with 1 M and 8 M NaOH at 80°C for 4 hours using a solid to liquid ratio of 1:5. The 8 M NaOH leach yielded 17% sodalite (Na8Si6Al6O24(OH)2) formation through SiO3(2-), Al(OH)4_, and Na+ precipitation in the leached ashes. The 1 M NaOH leach yielded no sodalite. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the original ashes and leached ashes showed low Al and Si dissolution efficiencies due to the sodalite formation. Sequential NaOH leaching resulted in the highest potassium dissolution efficiency of 89% for the ashes of fines/K2CO3 blend and 59% for the fines. It may be possible to increase the ash-derived zeolite concentration by using even higher NaOH concentrations (12-20 M NaOH) during leaching. Sodalite derived from coal ash could possibly be utilized for water purification in industrial applications, or as molecule separators. The potassium-containing liquid could be used in fertilizer manufacture.

https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1167/2023

Respuesta a la carta: Importancia de la monitorización de la función renal para el uso de antivirales de acción directa en pacientes coinfectados por VIH/VHC
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Collins-Camones, Jaime Antonio

; Chamorro-Chirinos, Elena Rocío

; Loyola-Salvatierra, Fiorella Vanessa

Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú

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Jan 2023, Volume 43 Nº 1 Páginas 77 - 78

Resumo: Es | Texto: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.47892/rgp.2023.431.1493

Bloodstream infections and antibiotic resistance at a regional hospital, Colombia, 2019–2021
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Saavedra, Julio C.

; Fonseca, Deisy

; Abrahamyan, Arpine

; Thekkur, Pruthu

; Timire, Collins

; Reyes, Jorge

; Zachariah, Rony

; Agudelo, Lorena G.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e18

Resumo: Es Pt En | Texto: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de las bacterias incluidas en la lista prioritaria de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pneumoniae) en hemocultivos en el Hospital Regional de la Orinoquía en Colombia. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal que empleó datos rutinarios de laboratorio del período comprendido entre los años 2019 y 2021. Se examinaron datos de muestras de sangre de pacientes con presunción clínica de infección del torrente sanguíneo. Se determinó el número total de hemocultivos realizados y la proporción cultivos con resultados, las características de los pacientes con bacterias prioritarias, así como el tipo de bacterias aisladas y los patrones de resistencia a los antibióticos. Resultados. De 25 469 hemocultivos realizados, se aislaron bacterias en 1628 (6%); 774 (48%) con agentes patógenos prioritarios de la OMS. La mayoría de las cepas bacterianas prioritarias aisladas (558; 72%) eran gramnegativas y 216 (28%), organismos grampositivos. La mayoría de los pacientes con bacterias prioritarias (666; 86%) fueron hospitalizados en salas distintas de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, 427 (55%) eran varones y 321 (42%) tenían 60 años o más. De las 216 bacterias grampositivas aisladas, 205 (95%) eran Staphylococcus aureus. De las 558 bacterias prioritarias gramnegativas aisladas, las tres más comunes fueron Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%) y Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). La mayor resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus fue a la oxacilina (41%). Entre las bacterias gramnegativas, la resistencia a los antibióticos varió del 4% (amikacina) al 72% (ampicilina). Conclusiones. El aislamiento de bacterias en los hemocultivos fue bajo y podría mejorarse. Se encontraron bacterias de la lista prioritaria de la OMS en todas las salas del hospital, por lo que es necesario aplicar rigurosas normas de prevención y control de infecciones y realizar una vigilancia continua de la resistencia a los antibióticos.

RESUMO Objetivos. Avaliar a suscetibilidade a antibióticos das bactérias consideradas prioritárias pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus pneumoniae) em hemoculturas coletadas no hospital regional de Orinoquía na Colômbia. Métodos. Estudo transversal utilizando dados laboratoriais de rotina do período 2019-2021. Foram examinados os dados de amostras de sangue de pacientes com suspeita de infecção de corrente sanguínea. Determinamos o número total de hemoculturas realizadas e a proporção de culturas com rendimento, as características dos pacientes com bactérias prioritárias, e o tipo de bactéria isolada e padrões de resistência a antibióticos. Resultados. Das 25.469 hemoculturas realizadas, 1.628 (6%) foram positivas para bactérias, sendo que 774 (48%) dessas bactérias eram da lista de agentes patogênicos prioritários da OMS. A maioria das bactérias prioritárias isoladas (558; 72%) eram gram-negativas e 216 (28%) eram gram-positivas. A maioria dos pacientes com bactérias prioritárias (666; 86%) estava internada em enfermaria, e não em unidade de terapia intensiva. 427 (55%) eram homens e 321 (42%) tinham ≥ 60 anos de idade. Das 216 bactérias gram-positivas isoladas, 205 (95%) eram Staphylococcus aureus. Das 558 bactérias gram-negativas prioritárias isoladas, as três mais frequentes foram Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%) e Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). O Staphylococcus aureus apresentou maior resistência à oxacilina (41%). Entre as bactérias gram-negativas, a resistência aos antibióticos variou entre 4% (amicacina) e 72% (ampicilina). Conclusões. O rendimento bacteriano das hemoculturas foi baixo e pode ser melhorado. As bactérias consideradas prioritárias pela OMS foram encontradas em todas as enfermarias do hospital. Os achados exigem normas rigorosas de prevenção e controle de infecção, e vigilância contínua da resistência bacteriana a antibióticos.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To assess antibiotic susceptibility of World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) in blood cultures at the Orinoquía regional hospital in Colombia. Methods. This was cross-sectional study using routine laboratory data for the period 2019–2021. Data on blood samples from patients suspected of a bloodstream infection were examined. We determined: the total number of blood cultures done and the proportion with culture yield; the characteristics of patients with priority bacteria; and the type of bacteria isolated and antibiotic resistance patterns. Results. Of 25 469 blood cultures done, 1628 (6%) yielded bacteria; 774 (48%) of these bacteria were WHO priority pathogens. Most of the priority bacteria isolated (558; 72%) were gram-negative and 216 (28%) were gram-positive organisms. Most patients with priority bacteria (666; 86%) were hospitalized in wards other than the intensive care unit, 427 (55%) were male, and 321 (42%) were ≥ 60 years of age. Of the 216 gram-positive bacteria isolated, 205 (95%) were Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 558 gram-negative priority bacteria isolated, the three most common were Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). The highest resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was to oxacillin (41%). For gram-negative bacteria, resistance to antibiotics ranged from 4% (amikacin) to 72% (ampicillin). Conclusions. Bacterial yield from blood cultures was low and could be improved. WHO priority bacteria were found in all hospital wards. This calls for rigorous infection prevention and control standards and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.18

Design principles for integrating language and communication skills into engineering education
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Spoelstra, Tharina

; Collins, Gary W.

Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa

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2023, Volume 19 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 10

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Developing competencies in language and communication is becoming increasingly important for the contemporary engineering student if career success and community engagement are to be enhanced. The integration of language, and other 'soft-skills', into broader engineering education could assist in preparing students to become more employable and improve their overall engineering ability. This study adopted a design-based research strategy to develop design principles regarding the integration of language and communication skills into engineering education. Eleven participants were purposefully sampled to form part of a design team that became responsible for this development. The principles that emerged emphasised the role culture plays in the process of learning, highlighting the importance of embracing cultural diversity in ways that frame it as a strength to be exploited. Differing abilities and levels of English language proficiency need to be accommodated, requiring lecturers to build in a feedback process to manage progress and effective student engagement. It is advisable to adopt a holistic approach to teaching and learning, and to pay careful attention to appropriate learning strategies. An integrated learning environment necessitates the dismantling of the traditional silos that have characterised engineering education and greater cooperation among various disciplines needs to be encouraged. TRANSDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTION: The integration of language and communication into engineering education goes beyond the boundaries of individual disciplines and involves collaboration between the faculties of engineering and humanities as well as industry partners, and accreditation bodies. The diverse range of expertise required, range from linguistics and pedagogy to engineering and instructional design.

https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v19i1.1369

Old Testament measures for quelling resource wars: Panacea for the Nigerian experience
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Ugwu, Collins I.

; Eze, Uchenna V.

Verbum et Ecclesia

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2023, Volume 44 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 6

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In human history, there has always been one form of war or the other, including resource wars, leading to the wanton destruction of lives and property. Nigeria is not an exception to this ugly global phenomenon. For instance, there are two major resource wars in Nigeria - war over oil and farmers and herders wars that have taken more deadly dimensions in recent times. In fact, the much talked about insecurity in Nigeria is basically about the herder and farmer clashes and the insurgency in the North-East. While acknowledging the political measures deployed to contain the situation, this article presents solutions from the religious perspective, to complement the existing measures that have largely proven to be inadequate. Resource wars occurred during the time of Abraham. However, he averted the violent consequences by the peaceful mechanism he adopted. Therefore, this peaceful mechanism modelled from Abraham and compensation approaches can be applied to the Nigerian situation, especially among Nigerian Christians while interfaith dialogue will accelerate discussions with non-Christians. Thus, this biblical and pragmatic model outlined in the Bible can be implemented in the search for peace and reconciliation. To achieve the aim of this article, historical and hermeneutical methodology was engaged. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This article moves between Old Testament and measures for quelling resource wars. It is therefore by intention interdisciplinary. There are implications for the understanding of Old Testament narrative text and how it could be deployed to address the issue of resource wars

https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v44i1.2816

10.

An intervention to manage compassion fatigue in oncology nurses in Durban, South Africa
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Wentzel, Dorien L.

; Collins, Anthony

; Brysiewicz, Petra

Health SA Gesondheid (Online)

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2023, Volume 28 Páginas 1 - 7

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Oncology nurses are involved through the often protracted and potentially traumatic continuum of diagnosis and treatment of their patients, which places them at high risk of developing compassion fatigue. AIM: The aim of the study was to develop and implement an in-facility intervention to manage compassion fatigue among oncology nurses in Durban, South Africa. SETTING: The study was conducted with oncology nurses at state, private (private health insurance) and non-governmental oncology facilities (Hospice). METHODS: The Self-Care Intervention for Oncology Nurses was developed and implemented using action research with a mixed methods sequential explanatory design. It involved an integrative review, Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) v 5 questionnaires (n = 83) and in-depth individual interviews (n = 8). RESULTS: Developed from the findings of the integrative review, quantitative and qualitative data, the Self-Care Intervention for Oncology Nurses comprised three components, namely psycho-education on risks (booklet), practices of remembrance (remembrance tree) and support structures (support group and follow-up family call). Overall, the participants enjoyed reading the booklet and engaging in the support group. There were varied responses to the remembrance tree and hesitancy to partaking in the follow-up phone call. CONCLUSION: The developed intervention could encourage awareness of compassion fatigue amongst oncology nurses' engagement in self-care practices such as symbolic remembrance of patients and recognition of the value of support structures. CONTRIBUTION: The intervention may assist oncology nurses in the provision of compassionate caring for their patients and potentially minimise compassion fatigue.

https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2376

11.

Combating coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in rural areas of Malawi: Factors affecting the fight
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Chawinga, Winner

; Singini, Wales

; Phuka, John

; Chimbatata, Nathaniel

; Mitambo, Collins

; Sambani, Clara

; Kambalame, Dzinkambani

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

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2023, Volume 15 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 9

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Owing to their detachment from urban areas, people living in rural areas of Malawi are on the receiving end of health services and socio-economic benefits. The study therefore explored how Malawians living in these areas are adhering to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) containment measures and the factors that affect the COVID-19 fight amongst this population AIM: The study investigated how the rural population in Malawi adheres to COVID-19 containment measures SETTING: The study was conducted in two districts in Northern Malawi METHODS: Data were collected from 263 participants. The chi-square (χ²) test was performed to determine the association between demographic variables and COVID-19 prevention practices and factors affecting the COVID-19 fight RESULTS: Education was significantly associated with wearing of masks (p = 0.01), use of sanitisers (p < 0.01) and practising social distancing (p = 0.07). Monthly income was associated with the use of sanitisers (p < 0.01). Women were more exposed to fake news about COVID-19 (p = 0.09); older people were more likely to disregard COVID-19 containment measures for cultural reasons (p = 0.07); and monthly income was associated with a lack of resources for following COVID-19 containment measures (p < 0.01 CONCLUSION: Findings show that factors affecting the COVID-19 fight are influenced by various socio-economic factors which should therefore be taken into account in policy planning aiming at controlling the pandemic CONTRIBUTION: The study provides health stakeholders with a policy direction that enhances better coordination, implementation and monitoring of COVID-19 response and recovery activities in rural areas in Malawi. The findings have implications on controlling current and future communicable diseases; the proposed strategies might be employed in fighting similar current and future pandemics

https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3464

12.

Performance in propitiatory reconciliation among the Nandi community
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Biwott, Anthony Kipkoech

; Mumbo, Collins Kenga

; Oduori, Robert

Tydskrif vir Letterkunde

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2023, Volume 60 Nº 3 Páginas 27 - 35

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Propitiation is part of what it means to be human. Traditionally, propitiation has been studied from a broad sociocultural perspective with little consideration of the performance processes at play. Among the Nandi community in Kenya, propitiatory offering reconciliation forms the core of restoration of inter-communities relationships. It defines and enriches their culture, but what is propitiatory offering reconciliation? How is it performed? Are there any steps followed in its execution? Is there a specific place of performance? In this article we provide a framework to understand the Nandi propitiatory reconciliation through a literary perspective. We expound on the steps followed: investigation, interrogation, and cleansing, and the three features of performance: that is, place of performance, actions and signs, formulaic expression, costumes, and audience. The data collection took place in Kabiyet and Kipkaren Wards in Nandi county and was collected through participatory observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The sample population was 30 adults between the ages of 45-90 years who were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The data collected on performance in propitiatory reconciliation rites was analysed by use of functionalism theory as expounded by Foley. We found that the stages of propitiatory reconciliation must be religiously adhered to for its effectiveness and that the success of its performance heavily depends on the participation of its performers and audience. This article also brings out performance in form of particular acts, singing, and chanting.

https://doi.org/10.17159/tl.v60i3.14654

13.

Directrices para los protocolos de ensayos clínicos de intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: la extensión SPIRIT-AI
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Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Chan, An-Wen

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e149

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.149

14.

The Influence of Land Use and Land Cover on Surface Temperature in a Water Catchment Sub-Basin
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Santos, Arthur Pereira dos

; Simionatto, Henzo Henrique

; Arantes, Letícia Tondato

; Simonetti, Vanessa Cezar

; Oliveira, Renan Angrizani de

; Sales, Jomil Costa Abrel

; Silva, Darllan Collins da Cunha e

Sociedade & Natureza

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2023, Volume 35 elocation e69161

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Faced with the recent crises of water capture and distribution, managing water resources is a practice that has been gaining prominence in discussions and debates about environmental issues. Thus, this article aims to analyze, in a spatio-temporal way, the Changes in Land Use and Occupation (LULC) and Surface Temperature (LST) in the water catchment sub-basin of Ribeirão Santa Isabel, located in the municipality of Paracatu, Minas Gerais (MG), between the years 1990 and 2020. The choice of the area is justified by the conflicts of use that encompass the sub-basin and by the fact that this is the only source of capture in the municipality, which has already carried out the alteration of the water resource responsible for the capture of water due to the intensity of agricultural practices in the region in the previous area. Through geoprocessing and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques, images from the Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 satellites were used to perform the LST calculations. Regarding usage and occupancy data, the images provided by the Mapbiomas platform were used. It was verified, through the increase in the percentage of the water class and vegetation and the decrease in the agricultural class, that the practices implemented in the study area, in order to conserve the remnants of the biome and maintain a good water availability to the municipality, are having an effect. It was also possible to conclude that LST is affected by LULC, and that the greatest variations occur in non-vegetated areas.

https://doi.org/10.14393/sn-v35-2023-69161

15.

Orientaciones a la felicidad: placer, compromiso y significado: Diferencias socio-demográficas
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Durón-Ramos, Maria Fernanda

; García Vázquez, Fernanda Inéz

; Collins Tenorio, Jeny Judith

; Márquez Pérez, Paula Jetsabel

Psicumex

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Dez 2022, Volume 12 elocation e487

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La psicología positiva tiene un interés particular en investigar los aspectos positivos de los seres humanos, tales como la felicidad y los factores que pudieran ayudar a promoverla. Trabajos recientes sugieren que el constructo denominado orientaciones a la felicidad es valioso para el análisis en este campo. Existen tres orientaciones a la felicidad: placer, significado y compromiso, las cuales proveen un entendimiento más extenso de la felicidad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer las diferencias de orientaciones a felicidad en la población mexicana de acuerdo a la edad, nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad y género. Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo transeccional con un alcance descriptivo. La muestra fue constituida por 200 personas pertenecientes a una ciudad en el noreste de México. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos para comparar los grupos según datos sociodemográficos. Se utilizó ANOVA para las comparaciones entre los grupos de edad, nivel socioeconómico y escolaridad; una prueba t-Student se implementó para el análisis según el género. Las diferencias en orientación a la felicidad fueron únicamente significativas en la edad. Los participantes de 26 a 36 años reportaron menor felicidad en comparación con los participantes más jóvenes (18-26) y los mayores (37-80). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados obtenidos.

Abstract Positive psychology is interested in investigating the positive aspects of the human being, such as happiness, and the factors that might help promote it. Recent studies suggest that happiness orientations are valuable for research in this field. There are three orientations to happiness: pleasure, meaning, and engagement, which provide an extensive understanding of happiness. This study aimed to establish the difference in orientations to happiness according to age, socioeconomic level, education status, and gender in the Mexican population. The research is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The participants were 200 people from a city northwest of Mexico. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and t student) was performed to compare groups by age, socioeconomic level, and education status; t-test was used to compare gender. Differences in orientations to happiness were only significant according to age. People from 26 to 36 years old reported lower happiness than the younger (18-26) and older people (37-80). Finally, the possible implications of these results are discussed.

https://doi.org/10.36793/psicumex.v12i1.487

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